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	<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
	<html>
	<head>
	<title>UCLA Asian Liver Program: Hepatitis C</title>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
	<meta name="description" content="Diseases related to hepatitis B and C are the leading killer among Asians. Most Asians acquire hepatitis B as a consequence of vertical transmission">
	<meta name="keywords" content="asian liver disease hepatitis infection">
	<style type="text/css">
		@import url(default.css);
		@import url("healthsystem.css");
	</style>
<link href="/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />

	<script src="scripts/AC_ActiveX.js" type="text/javascript"></script> 
	<script src="scripts/AC_RunActiveContent.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
	<script type="text/JavaScript">
	<!--
	function MM_swapImgRestore() { //v3.0
		var i,x,a=document.MM_sr; for(i=0;a&&i<a.length&&(x=a[i])&&x.oSrc;i++) x.src=x.oSrc;
	}
	function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0
		var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=new Array();
			var i,j=d.MM_p.length,a=MM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=0; i<a.length; i++)
			if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.MM_p[j]=new Image; d.MM_p[j++].src=a[i];}}
	}
	function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.01
		var p,i,x;  if(!d) d=document; if((p=n.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) {
			d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);}
		if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i<d.forms.length;i++) x=d.forms[i][n];
		for(i=0;!x&&d.layers&&i<d.layers.length;i++) x=MM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
		if(!x && d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x;
	}	
	function MM_swapImage() { //v3.0
		var i,j=0,x,a=MM_swapImage.arguments; document.MM_sr=new Array; for(i=0;i<(a.length-2);i+=3)
		 if ((x=MM_findObj(a[i]))!=null){document.MM_sr[j++]=x; if(!x.oSrc) x.oSrc=x.src; x.src=a[i+2];}
	}
	//
	function addEvent(obj, evType, fn){
		if (obj.addEventListener){
			obj.addEventListener(evType, fn, false);
			return true;
		} else if (obj.attachEvent){
			var r = obj.attachEvent("on"+evType, fn);
			return r;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}
	function DHTMLIframeHeight(){
		var z	=	new RegExp('lryParentmain[0-9]+');
		var x	=	new RegExp('Framelyr[0-9]+');
		var h = 0;
		var	a	=	new Array();
		var	u	=	0;
		for(y = 0; w = document.getElementsByTagName("div")[y]; y++){
			try{
				if(w.id.match(z)){
					var c	=	0;
					var d = 0;
					var t = 0;
					var e	=	document.getElementById(w.id).getElementsByTagName("iframe");
					for(i	=	0; i < e.length; i++){
						if(e[i].id.match(x)){
							c++;
							u=0;
							t=0;
							a[c] = e[i].id.substring(8,(e[i].id.length));
							l = document.getElementById('lyr'+a[c]).getElementsByTagName("a");
							e[i].style.height = "0px";
							for(h=0; classname = l[h].className; h++){
								try{
									if(classname == "clSubb1"){
										d++;
										u = 0;
										u = l[h].innerHTML.length;
										u = Math.floor(u / 16);
										if(u <= 0){u = 1;}
										u = u * 23;
										t = t + u;
										e[i].style.height = t;
									}
								}
								catch(error2) {
									//
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
			catch(error) {
				//
			}
		}
	}
	if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE 6') > 0){
		addEvent(window, 'load', DHTMLIframeHeight);
	}
	//
	//-->
	</script>
	
				
<script type="text/javascript">
//<!--
var ns4 = (document.layers);
var ie  = (document.all);
var ie4 = (ie && !document.getElementById);
var ie5 = (ie && document.getElementById);
var ns6 = (!ie && document.getElementById);

var aryMoused = new Array();
var aryLayerMoused = new Array();
var aryMoImages = new Array();
var imageList = new Array();
var runMouseOvers = true;
var TimerID = null;
var iLimit = 25;
var itmp = 0;

var nbTime = 100;
var nbTimes = 2;
var nbThisLoc = 325;
var aryLayerNames = new Array();
var aryNavBarLayerInfo = new Array();
var aryNavBarLayers = new Array();

var registeredObjects = new Array();
var viz = "hide";

function MOImage() {
	var arg = MOImage.arguments;
	this.ptrImage = BillzNavBarMM_findObj(arg[0]);
	this.imageMO = new Image();
	this.imageMO.src = arg[1];
	this.HTMLname = arg[0];
	this.Moused = false;
	this.OriginalSrc = '';
	return true;
}

function BillzImagePreload() {
	// 0) html image name 1) mo image src 2)image Name for rollover key (rollover may have multiple mos for one html Image) 
	var arg = BillzImagePreload.arguments;
	nbImagePreload(arg[0], arg[1], arg[2]);
}

function nbImagePreload(img_name, mo_img_src, rollover_key_img_name) {
	var imageKey = (rollover_key_img_name.length > 0) ? rollover_key_img_name : img_name;
	imageList[imageList.length] = imageKey;
	if (!(aryMoImages[imageKey])) aryMoImages[imageKey] = new MOImage(img_name, mo_img_src);
}

function BillzMouseover() {
	var arg = null;
	if (runMouseOvers) {		
		arg = BillzMouseover.arguments; //args 0)ImageName 1)OriginalSrc 2)array index (caller imagename)		
		nbMouseover(arg[0], arg[1], arg[2]);
	}
	return true;
}
// args 1) ImageName 2) OriginalSrc 3) array index (caller imagename)
function nbMouseover(img_name, orig_src, img_key) {
	var imageKey = null;
	var o = null;
	if (runMouseOvers) 
	{				
		imageKey = (img_key.length > 0) ? img_key : img_name;
		if (!(aryMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage)) aryMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage = BillzNavBarMM_findObj(img_name);		
		if (aryMoImages[imageKey] && (o = aryMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage)) {
			aryMoImages[imageKey].OriginalSrc = orig_src;
			aryMoImages[imageKey].Moused = true;
			o.src = aryMoImages[imageKey].imageMO.src;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

var NavBarTempOnload = null;
if (window.onload && window.onload != null) NavBarTempOnload = window.onload;

function FullyLoaded() {
	if (NavBarTempOnload != null) NavBarTempOnload();
	runMouseOvers = true;
	return true;
}

function BillzMouseOutTimer() {
	return nbMouseOutTimer();
}

function nbMouseOutTimer() {
	if (TimerID) clearTimeout(TimerID);
	TimerID = setTimeout("nbLayerRestore()",5000);
	return true;
}

function RestoreAll() {
	nbMouseoverRestore();
	nbLayerRestore();
	return true;
}

function BillzMouseoverRestore() {
	return nbMouseoverRestore();
}

function nbMouseoverRestore() {
	var i = 0;
	var o = null;
	if (runMouseOvers) {
		for (i = 0; i < imageList.length; i++) {
			if (aryMoImages[imageList[i]].Moused && (o = aryMoImages[imageList[i]].ptrImage)) {
				o.src = aryMoImages[imageList[i]].OriginalSrc;
				aryMoImages[imageList[i]].Moused = false;
			}
		}
	}
	return true;
}

function BillzLayerRestore() {
	return nbLayerRestore();
}

function nbLayerRestore() {
	var i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < aryLayerNames.length; i++) {
		if (!aryNavBarLayerInfo[aryLayerNames[i]].isDefault) BillzNavBarRestoreLayers(aryLayerNames[i]);	
	}
	return true;
}

function BillzArrayPushUnique(aryArray, varNewElement) { //only pushes if unique value
	var pushIt = true;
	var i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < aryArray.length && pushIt; i++) {
		pushIt = (varNewElement != aryArray[i]);
	}
	if (pushIt) BillzArrayPush(aryArray, varNewElement);
	return pushIt;
}

function BillzArrayPush(aryArray, varNewElement) { //Implement Array Push 'cause IE cant handle it
	aryArray[aryArray.length] = varNewElement;
	return true;
}
function BillzArrayPop(aryArray) { //Implement Array Pop 'cause IE cant handle it before 5.5
	var varItemToPop = null;
	if (aryArray[aryArray.length - 1]) {
		varItemToPop = aryArray[aryArray.length - 1];
		aryArray[aryArray.length] = null;
	}
	return varItemToPop;
}

function getDivRef(id) {
	var divref;
	if(ns4) divref = document.layers[id];
	else if(ie4) divref = document.all[id];
	else if(ie5 || ns6) divref = document.getElementById(id);	
	return divref;
}

//v3.0 name changed to avoid clash with possible other JS in content, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver
function NavBarSwapRollover(swapimage,defaultimage,imageID) {
	if(imageID.length > 0 && document.getElementById(imageID))
	{
		if(swapimage.length > 0) 
			document.getElementById(imageID).src = "images/" + swapimage;
		else
			document.getElementById(imageID).src = "images/" + defaultimage;		
	}
}
function BillzNavBarMM_findObj(n, d) {
	var p,i,x;
	if (ns6) x = document.getElementById(n);
	else {		
		if (registeredObjects[n]) return registeredObjects[n];
		if (!(d)) d = document;
		try {
			p = n.indexOf("?");
		}
		catch(e) {
			p = 0;
		}
		if (p > 0 && parent.frames.length) {
			d = parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document;
			n = n.substring(0,p);
		}
		if (!(x = d[n]) && d.all) x = d.all[n];	
		for (i = 0; !x && i < d.forms.length; i++) {
			x = d.forms[i][n];
		}
		for (i=0; !x && d.layers && i < d.layers.length; i++) {
			if (d.layers[i].id.indexOf("external_") == -1) x = BillzNavBarMM_findObj(n, d.layers[i].document);	
		}
		registeredObjects[n] = x;
	}				
	return x;
}

function BillzArrayContains() {
	var arg = BillzArrayContains.arguments;
	var foundit = false;
	var i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < arg[0].length && !foundit; i++) {
		foundit = (arg[1] == arg[0][i]);
	}
	return foundit;
}

function NavBarRegisterLayer() {
	var arg = NavBarRegisterLayer.arguments;
	var n = arg[0];
	var d = arg[1];
	var mo = false;
	var o = null;
	if (arg[2] && arg[2] == 'MOutLayer') mo = true;
	else mo = false;
	
	if (!(BillzArrayContains(aryLayerNames, n))) {
		if (o = BillzNavBarMM_findObj(n)) {
			aryNavBarLayers[n] = o;
			BillzArrayPushUnique(aryLayerNames, n);
			aryNavBarLayerInfo[n] = new NavBarLayer(n, d, mo);
		}
	}
	return true;
}

function BillzNavBarMM_showHideLayers() {
	//v3.0 name changed, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver with customizations by Bill Heller
	var i = 0;
	var x = "";
	var obj = null;
	var v = null;
	var p = null;
	var args = BillzNavBarMM_showHideLayers.arguments;
	
	if (args[args.length - 1] != "menu") nbMouseOutTimer();
	for (i = 0; i < (args.length - 2); i += 3) {
		if (!aryNavBarLayers[args[i]]) {
			x = (args[i + 2] == 'show') ? 'hide' : 'show';
			NavBarRegisterLayer(args[i], x);
		}
		if ((obj = aryNavBarLayers[args[i]]) != null) {
			v = args[i + 2];
			aryNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].isDefault = false;
			if (args[args.length - 1] == "restore") v = (v == 'show') ? 'hide' : 'show';
			
			if (obj.style) obj.style.visibility = (v == 'show') ? 'visible' : ((v == 'hide') ? 'hidden' : v);
			else obj.visibility = v;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

function BillzNavBarRestoreLayers() {
	var i = 0;
	var x = "";
	var obj = null;
	var v = null;
	var p = null;
	var args = BillzNavBarRestoreLayers.arguments;
	for (i = 0; i < (args.length); i++) {
		if (obj = aryNavBarLayers[args[i]]) {
			v = aryNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].defaultVisibility;
			if (obj.style) {
				obj = obj.style;
				v = (v == 'show' ) ? 'visible' : ((v == 'hide') ? 'hidden' : v);
			}
			obj.visibility = v;
			if (!aryNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].MOutLayer) aryNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].isDefault = true;			
		}
	}
	return true;
}

function NavBarLayer() {
	var arg = NavBarLayer.arguments;
	this.defaultVisibility = arg[1];
	this.isDefault = true;
	this.MOutLayer = arg[2];
	return true;
}

function BillzNavMove() {
	return nbNavMove();
}

function nbNavMove() {
	var thisl = null;
	var otherl = null;
	if (thisl = BillzNavBarMM_findObj("nbScrollLayer")) {
		if (thisl.style) {
			thisl = thisl.style;
			viz = "hidden";
		} 
		thisl.top = nbThisLoc -= 3;
		if (nbThisLoc < -750) {
			nbThisLoc = 325;
			nbTimes--;
		}
	}
	if (nbTimes <= 0) {
		otherl = BillzNavBarMM_findObj("BillzLayer");
		otherl.visibility = viz;
	} else {
		setTimeout("nbNavMove()", nbTime);
	}	
	return true;
}

function NavBar_openadmin() {
	window.open('admin/','SiteAdmin','height=screen.availheight,width=screen.availwidth,scrollbars=1,toolbar=0,directories=0,status=0,menubar=0,resizable=1');
	return true;
}

window.onload = FullyLoaded;
//-->
</script>
					
<script type="text/javascript">
//<!--
function NavBar_setCookie(cookievalue,navVersion,linkID) 
{	
	var cookiename = "SLIDINGTABLE_NAVBAR" + navVersion;
	var cookieVersionname = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_VERSION";
	var cookieClear = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_CLEARCOOKIES";	
	document.cookie = cookieClear.toUpperCase() + "=false";
	if(cookievalue.length > 0)
		document.cookie = cookiename.toUpperCase() + "=" + escape(cookievalue);
	if(navVersion.length > 0)	
		document.cookie = cookieVersionname.toUpperCase() + "=" + navVersion;	
	if(linkID.length > 0)
		NavBar_setPLinkIDCookie(linkID,navVersion);		
}
function NavBar_setoLevelIDCookie(cookievalue,linkID,navVersion) 
{
	var name = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_OLEVELID";		
	if(cookievalue.length > 0)
		document.cookie = name.toUpperCase() + "=" + escape(cookievalue);	
	if(linkID.length > 0)
		NavBar_setPLinkIDCookie(linkID,navVersion);	
	if(navVersion.length > 0)	
		document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_VERSION=" + navVersion;		
}
function NavBar_setPLinkIDCookie(linkID,navVersion)
{	
	document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_PLINKID=" + linkID;	
	if(navVersion.length > 0)	
		document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_VERSION=" + navVersion;
}
function NavBar_deleteCookie() 
{
	// first we'll split this cookie up into name/value pairs
	// note: document.cookie only returns name=value, not the other components
	var check_name = "SLIDINGTABLE_NAVBAR";	
	var a_all_cookies = document.cookie.split( ';' );
	var a_temp_cookie = '';
	var cookie_name = '';
	var cookie_value = '';
	var b_cookie_found = false; // set boolean t/f default f	

	document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_VERSION=0";	
	document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_OLEVELID=";	
	for (i = 0; i < a_all_cookies.length; i++)
	{		
		a_temp_cookie = a_all_cookies[i].split( '=' );			
		cookie_name = a_temp_cookie[0].replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
		
		//expire all cookies for every slidingTable_navbar intances.			
		if (cookie_name.toUpperCase().indexOf(check_name) == 0)		
			document.cookie = cookie_name.toUpperCase() + "=";			 	
	}	
}
		
//-->
</script>
			
				
<script type="text/javascript">
//<!--
				
nbImagePreload('footer_ucla_2_1','images/footer_ucla_on.gif', '');

//-->
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
//<!--
function NavBar_setCookie(cookievalue,navVersion,linkID) 
{	
	var cookiename = "SLIDINGTABLE_NAVBAR" + navVersion;
	var cookieVersionname = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_VERSION";
	var cookieClear = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_CLEARCOOKIES";	
	document.cookie = cookieClear.toUpperCase() + "=false";
	if(cookievalue.length > 0)
		document.cookie = cookiename.toUpperCase() + "=" + escape(cookievalue);
	if(navVersion.length > 0)	
		document.cookie = cookieVersionname.toUpperCase() + "=" + navVersion;	
	if(linkID.length > 0)
		NavBar_setPLinkIDCookie(linkID,navVersion);		
}
function NavBar_setoLevelIDCookie(cookievalue,linkID,navVersion) 
{
	var name = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_OLEVELID";		
	if(cookievalue.length > 0)
		document.cookie = name.toUpperCase() + "=" + escape(cookievalue);	
	if(linkID.length > 0)
		NavBar_setPLinkIDCookie(linkID,navVersion);	
	if(navVersion.length > 0)	
		document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_VERSION=" + navVersion;		
}
function NavBar_setPLinkIDCookie(linkID,navVersion)
{	
	document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_PLINKID=" + linkID;	
	if(navVersion.length > 0)	
		document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_VERSION=" + navVersion;
}
function NavBar_deleteCookie() 
{
	// first we'll split this cookie up into name/value pairs
	// note: document.cookie only returns name=value, not the other components
	var check_name = "SLIDINGTABLE_NAVBAR";	
	var a_all_cookies = document.cookie.split( ';' );
	var a_temp_cookie = '';
	var cookie_name = '';
	var cookie_value = '';
	var b_cookie_found = false; // set boolean t/f default f	

	document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_VERSION=0";	
	document.cookie = "SLIDINGTBL_NAVBAR_OLEVELID=";	
	for (i = 0; i < a_all_cookies.length; i++)
	{		
		a_temp_cookie = a_all_cookies[i].split( '=' );			
		cookie_name = a_temp_cookie[0].replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
		
		//expire all cookies for every slidingTable_navbar intances.			
		if (cookie_name.toUpperCase().indexOf(check_name) == 0)		
			document.cookie = cookie_name.toUpperCase() + "=";			 	
	}	
}
		
//-->
</script>
			</head>
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
		
			
		
	
	


<style type="text/css">
#lryParentmain56 {
	display:none;
	visibility:hidden;
}
</style>
<body style="margin:0px; background-color:#7082a6;" class="body">
<table width="90%" align="center" width="1%" bgcolor="ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;">
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														<h1 class="pagetitle" id="pagetitle"><strong>Asian Liver Disease</strong> / Hepatitis C</h1>
													
												
											
										
										
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	<h3>DEFINITION </h3>
<p>
<a href="http://www.uclahealth.org/body.cfm?xyzpdqabc=0&amp;id=477&amp;action=detail&amp;AEProductID=Adam2004%5F1&amp;AEArticleID=000284&amp;AEArticleType=Disease" target="_blank" title="Hepatitis C"><strong>Hepatitis C</strong></a><strong> is an inflammation (damage and swelling) of the liver that is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV).</strong> 
</p>
<h3>MODES OF INFECTION </h3>
<p>
The hepatitis C virus spreads through the blood and other body fluids.&nbsp; Infection from one person to another can occur by: 
</p>
<ul>
	<li>Shared needles during drug use </li>
	<li>Transfusion with blood or blood products</li>
	<li>Unsafe sex with an infected person</li>
	<li>Contact with blood in a healthcare setting </li>
</ul>
<p>
<strong>TYPES OF HEPATITIS C INFECTION</strong> 
</p>
<p>
<strong>Acute hepatitis C</strong><br />
The time from first infection to symptoms of acute hepatitis C is 1-6 months.&nbsp; Early symptoms&nbsp;are similar to those of acute hepatitis B. 
</p>
<p>
<strong>Chronic hepatitic C&nbsp;<br />
</strong>In patients acutely affected with HCV, up to 85% of adults will develop chronic hepatitis C, which is defined as persistent viral production by&nbsp;liver cells and may last a lifetime.&nbsp; Patients with chronic hepatitis C may gradually&nbsp;progress to worsening liver damgage, i.e. cirrhosis, and may develop primary liver cancer.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the United States, hepatitis C is the main cause of liver cancer and the main reason for liver transplantation. 
</p>
<h3>DIAGNOSIS&nbsp;</h3>
<p>
The&nbsp;diagnosis of chronic hepatitis&nbsp;C is by simple blood tests. 
</p>
<ul>
	<li>Anti-body to the heaptitis C&nbsp;virus (anti-HCV) tell you that you are infected by hepatitis C </li>
	<li>HCV-RNA ( hepatitis C virus ribnuceleic acid ) tell you that&nbsp;the virus is ciruclating in the blood,&nbsp; The &quot;titer&quot; of HCV RNA tell you&nbsp;the amount of the virus that is circulating in your blood.&nbsp; During treatment for hepatitis C, the &quot;titer&quot; of virus in the blood may be lowered or even turn to&nbsp;negative</li>
</ul>
<p>
<strong>Liver-function tests</strong> &nbsp; 
</p>
<ul>
	<li>As in hepatitis B, an increase in the AST and ALT levels tells you the liver has inflammation </li>
	<li>A low albumin level tells you that the liver cells are not adequately making enough proteins</li>
	<li>A high bilirubin leve tells you&nbsp;that the liver cells are not adequately detoxifying waste products by the body</li>
</ul>
<h3>TREATMENT</h3>
<p>
<strong>Acute hepatitis C&nbsp;</strong>is seldom diagnosed since most patients have no syptoms and will not seek medical attention.&nbsp; Anitviral treatment at this time may decrease the chronic progression to chronic hepatitis C.&nbsp; Therefore, if a person feels that he/she has been exposed to&nbsp;hepatitis C,&nbsp;seek immediate attention so that&nbsp;appropriate blood tests can be&nbsp;performed.&nbsp; 
</p>
<p>
<strong>Hepatitis C&nbsp;</strong>is the most-common&nbsp;cause of chronic hepatitis&nbsp;in the United States.&nbsp; Many patients who&nbsp;have contracted hepatitis C&nbsp;in the past may not even know that they are carrying this virus. However, because of continual damage to liver cells, a person may have gradual onset of fatigue and loss of appetite.&nbsp; These symptoms should prompt the patient to seek immediate medical attention.&nbsp; If the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C is made, there are anti-viral therapies such as interferon, which is an injectable medication, and ribavirin, an oral medication.&nbsp; When the medicines are used in combination, they are effective in killing the hepatitis C virus in many patients.&nbsp; If necessary, liver transplantation is used to treat the end-stage liver diseases caused by the chronic hepatitis C infection. 
</p>
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